Back ground & Aim: Preservation of tooth vitality is one of the most important tasks for clinicians dealing with exposed teeth. Several different materials have been used for pulp capping in recent years with calcium hydroxide being of the most Due to pathologic complication in the pulp following the are of Ca(OH)2, this investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of MTA on pulp reaction following pulp capping procedure. Method & Material: Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) was used for direct pulp cap ping of II human maxillary third molar teeth with intentional exposure as control group. The same number of teeth was capped using MTA using the same condition. Results: Results showed that the dentinal bridge was thicker in cases treated with MTA with a clearly milder inflammation in pulp of the teeth treated by MTA. Conclusion: MTA could be used as an acceptable material for pulp capping of exposed permanent teeth.

Introduction: This investigation evaluates the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) as pulp capping materials on dental pulp tissues.Materials and Methods: The experimental procedures were performed on eighteen intact dog canine teeth. The pulps were exposed. Cavities were randomly filled with CEM, MTA, or CH followed by glass ionomer filling. After 2 months, animals were sacrificed, each tooth was sectioned into halves, and the interface between each capping material and pulp tissue was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) in profile view of the specimens. Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.Results: Dentinal bridge formation as the most characteristic reaction was resulted from SEM observation in all examined groups. Odontoblast-like cells were formed and create dens collagen network, which was calcified gradually by deposition of calcosphirit structures to form newly dentinal bridge No significant difference was detected between studied groups.Conclusion: Based on the results of this in vivo study, it was concluded that these test materials are able to produce calcified tissue in underlying pulp in the case of being used as a pulp capping agent. Additionally, it appears that CEM has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material during vital pulp therapy.

Statement of the Problem: Adequate compressive strength is an important characteristic for an ideal liner. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the compressive strength of several commonly used liners. Materials and Method: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 120 samples fabricated of Dycal, Calcimol LC, Vitrebond, Activa Bioactive, and TheraCal LC (n=24) liners accord-ing to the manufacturers’ instructions. The samples were fabricated using a cylindrical stain-less steel mold with 6± 0. 1 mm height and 4± 0. 1 mm internal diameter. Half of the samples in each group (n=12) underwent compressive strength test immediately after completion of their primary setting while the other half (n=12) underwent compressive strength test after 24 h. During this period, the samples were immersed in deionized water (grade 3) and incu-bated at 37± 1° C and 100% humidity for 24 h. The compressive strength was measured us-ing a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’ s post-hoc test. Results: The compressive strength of the five liners was significantly different (p< 0. 05). Calcimol LC showed maximum compressive strength both immediately after setting and after 24 h. The compressive strength at 24 h was significantly higher than the primary com-pressive strength in all groups (p< 0. 05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it seems that Calcimol LC, Activa Bioac-tive Liner, and TheraCal LC have adequate compressive strength and can be used alone to provide adequate support for the restorative materials.

Statement of Problem: Recently, it has been proposed that different adhesive materials can be used for direct pulp capping. Previous studies have demonstrated that multi steps dentin adhesives could form reparative dentin similar to calcium hydroxide (CH). Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological pulp response of ninety mechanically exposed cat pulps to two adhesive resins (Scotch Bond MP and Single Bond 3M) were compared with a calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal, Dentsply). Materials and Methods : Class V facial cavities with similar pulpal exposures were prepared in canines. In the experimental groups phosphoric acid was used to etch the enamel and dentin and pulp exposure, and after it dentin adhesives was applied. The exposure point of the control group was capped with Dycal then the remainder of the cavities was etched and a dentin adhesive (single bond) was applied. All of the cavities were restored with a composite resin (Z 100) in usual manner. The animals were scarified after 7, 30 and 60 days (n=30), and the pulp evaluated histologically, statistical analysis was carried out with Kruskal- Wallis test (a=0.05). Results: The data showed that most of the cases had mild inflammation of pulp tissue. There was no significant difference in inflammatory reaction of pulp by Dycal and two adhesive systems, severe inflammatory reaction of pulp was observed only in most of the 30- day Single Bond group. Soft tissue organization of dentin bridge was less than Scotch Bond and Dycal groups, the differentiation of dentin bridge was less than Scotch Bond group after 7 days. Conclusion: Slight inflammatory cell infiltration was the main reaction of exposed pulp when two commercially available adhesive resins were placed directly on the exposed pulp. There was no significant difference in inflammatory reaction of pulp between Dycal and two adhesive systems after 7 days and 60 days. After 7 days most of the specimens showed an amount of predentin deposition.

Objectives Direct pulp capping may result in formation of a dentinal bridge and preservation of pulp vitality. This randomized controlled clinical trial sought to histologically assess and compare pulp tissue following pulp capping with propolis and calcium hydroxide. Methods In A cavity was prepared at the center of the occlusal surface of 10 third molars scheduled for extraction by using a cylindrical bur. The pulp chamber was exposed with a round bur. Samples were randomly divided into two groups (5 teeth in each group). The first group underwent direct pulp capping with propolis and the second group with calcium hydroxide. Auto-polymerizing glass ionomer was then applied to seal the cavity. The teeth were extracted after 45 days, and histologically evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using the Fisher’, s exact test. Results The quality (P=0. 048) and quantity (P=0. 008) of dentinal bridge were significantly different between the two groups. Propolis resulted in formation of a continuous dentinal bridge with irregular tubular dentin,whereas, calcium hydroxide resulted in formation of osteodentin (low quality dentin). Conclusion Propolis induced the formation of tubular dentin with higher quality compared with calcium hydroxide.

Statement of the Problem: Direct pulp capping (DPC) is an established method in which the exposed pulp is coated with a suitable material to prevent further damage and to help its repair and healing. Different proposed materials may have different impact on pulp response during this treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the response of human dental pulp after DPC with calcium-enriched mixture (CEM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement, and Biodentine. Materials and Method: In this clinical trial study, class V cavities were prepared on the buc-cal surfaces of 30 human premolar teeth, until the pulps were mechanically exposed. Then, teeth were randomly pulp capped with MTA, CEM cement and Biodentine, followed by resin modified glass ionomer filling. The fourth group was the control group (n= 10), in which the teeth were extracted without any prior intervention. Six weeks after the intervention, the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological evaluation in terms of the type and degree of pulp inflammation, dentin bridge formation and the presence of necrosis. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: In all groups, necrosis was not observed and inflammation was chronic. The Bio-dentine group exhibited significantly more pulpal inflammation compared with the other groups (p= 0. 001). There were no significant differences among CEM cement, MTA and Biodentine in terms of the dentine bridge formation. The thickness of the dentin bridge formed in the Biodentine group was significantly higher than MTA and control group (p= 0. 035 and p= 0. 011, respectively). Conclusion: Although the dentin bridge formation and the thickness of dentin bridge formed in the Biodentine group were higher than the other groups, pulp showed greater inflammation compared to CEM cement and MTA. The results of this study suggested that MTA and CEM cement performed better when employed as the direct pulp capping material.